BATTERY REFERENCES LINK LIST
Bill Darden
Last Updated on May 11, 2006
Web addresses (URLs) will often change, so you can use an Internet search tool like http://www.google.com/, http://www.yahoo.com/, http://www.msn.com/, etc. to locate the new addresses. Answers to Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) and additional information on car, motorcycle, truck, marine, and recreational vehicle starting and deep cycle lead-acid batteries can be found at http://www.batteryfaq.org.
Tip: Use Ctrl-F to find a name.
For errors or omissions, please e-mail Bill Darden at info@batteryfaq.org.
42 Volt PowerNet and Smart Batteries
Associations and Organizations
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
42 Volt PowerNet and Smart Batteries:
Bolder Technologies, (US) +1-303-215-7272
Edgar, Julian, "Good by 12-volts... Hello 42-volts!", AutoSpeed, October 5, 1999, http://www.autospeed.co.nz/cms/A_0319/article.html
Exide, (US) 479-646-4711, 1-800-523-8954, 1-800-782-7848 or http://www.exideworld.com/
Delphi Automotive, (US) +1-248-813-2000 or http://www.delphiauto.com/
Furukawa, (Japan) http://www.furukawadenchi.co.jp/
iQ Smart, (Germany) http://www.iqpower.com/
Japan Storage Battery, (Japan) http://www.nippondenchi.co.jp/, 1-800-472-2879, or http://www.gsbattery.com/
Johnson Controls Inc., (US) +1-414-524-2434 or http://www.jci.com/bg
MIT/Industry Consortium on Advanced Automotive Electrical/Electronic Components and Systems, (US) http://lees.mit.edu/consortium.htm
Powersmart, (US) http://www.powersmart.com/
Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org/42volt/index.htm
Varta, (Germany) http://www.varta.com/
Yuasa, (US) 1-800-538-2637 or http://www.yuasabatteries.com/
Associations and Organizations:
Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium [ALABC], (US) http://www.alabc.org/
Association of Battery Recyclers [ABR], (US) +1-334-566-1563
Battery Association of Japan [BAJ], (Japan) +81-3-3434-0261 or http://www.baj.or.jp
Battery and Electrical Specialists Association [BESA], (US) or http://www.besabattery.com/
Battery Council International [BCI], (US) +1-312-644-6610 or http://www.batterycouncil.org/
British Battery Manufacturers Association [BBMA], (UK) +44-20-7838-4800 or http://www.bbma.co.uk/
China Industrial Association of Power Sources [CIAPS], (China) http://www.cbo.com.cn
Electrochemical Society, http://www.electrochem.org/
Electricity Storage Association [ESA], (US) +1-408-607-2899 or http://www.energystorage.org
EuroBat, (Association of European Accumulator Manufacturers), (Belgium) +32-2-774-9653 or http://www.eurobat.org/
Independent Battery Manufacturers Assn. [IBMA], (US) +1-727-586-1408 or http://www.thebatteryman.com/
International Battery Materials Assn. [IBA], (US)
International Society of Electrochemistry [ISE], (Switzerland) http://www.ise-online.org/
International Electrotechnical Commision [IEC], (Switzerland) http://www.iec.ch/
Lead Development Association [LDA], (UK) +44-20-7499-8422 or http://www.ldaint.org/
National Renewal Energy Laboratory [NREL], (US) http://www.nrel.gov/
Recharge, (Belgium) +32-2-777-05-67 or http://www.rechargebatteries.org/
Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
Smart Battery System Forum, http://www.sbs-forum.org/
United States Advanced Battery Consortium [USABC], (US) http://www.uscar.org/consortia&teams/consortiahomepages/con-usabc.htm
United States Council for Automotive Research [USCAR], (US) http://www.uscar.org/
Zentralverband der Elektrotechnik und Elektronikindustrie e.V. [ZVEI], (Germany) http://www.zvei.org/batterien/
Books:
Barre, Harld, Managing 12 Volts: How to Upgrade, Operate and Troubleshoot 12 Volt Electrical Systems.
Battery Council International, Battery Replacement Data Book, Chicago, http://www.batterycouncil.org/, published annually.
Battery Council International, Storage Battery Service Manual, Chicago, http://www.batterycouncil.org/, 11th edition, 1995.
Best Manufacturing Practices, Navy Primary and Secondary Battery References, NAVSO P-3676, http://www.bmpcoe.org/library/books/navso%20p-3676/index.html
Berndt, D. Maintenance-Free Batteries, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1997.
Bode, H., 1977, Lead-Acid Batteries, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1977.
Buchmann, Isidor, Batteries in a Portable World-A Handbook on Rechargeable Batteries for Non-Engineers, ISBN 0-9682118-2-8, available online at http://www.buchmann.ca/.
Calder, Nigel and Wing, Charlie, Boatowner's Mechanical & Electrical Manual: How to Maintain, Repair, and Improve Your Boat's Essential Systems, ISBN: 007009618X, 1995.
Crompton, T.R., Battery Reference Book, 2nd Edition, SAE International, ISBN 0-7506-4625-X, 2000.
Gates Energy Products, Rechargeable Batteries Application Handbook, Butterworth-Heinemann, Stoneham, Massachusetts, 1992, ISBN 0-7506-9228-6.
Interstate Batteries, Automotive Electrical Troubleshooting Manual, Dallas.
Linden, David, Handbook of Batteries 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, New York, 1994, ISBN 0-0703-7921-1.
Lindsay, T.J., Secrets of Lead-Acid Batteries, Lindsay Publications, Bradley, IL.
Perez, Richard A., The Complete Battery Book, Tab Books, ISBN 0-8306-0757-9.
Moeller, Bill and Moeller, Jan, RV Electrical Systems.
Reasbeck, P. and Smith, J. G., Batteries for automotive use, Taunton: Research Studies Press, 1997.
Rechargeable Batteries Applications Handbook, Stoneham, Butterworth-Heinemann, Stoneham, Massachusetts, 1992.
Smead, David and Ishihara, Ruth, Living on 12 Volts with Ample Power, Ample Power, 800-541-7789 or http://www.amplepower.com.
Smead, David and Ishihara, Ruth, Wiring 12 Volts for Ample Power, Ample Power, 800-541-7789 or http://www.amplepower.com.
Vinal, G. W., , Storage Batteries, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1955.
Vincent, C. A. et al., Modern Batteries, Edward Arnold Publishers, Baltimore Maryland, 1984.
Dealers and Distributors:
4Unique.com, (US) please see Battery Stuff.com
Antares, (UK) +44-1753-890888 or http://www.antares.co.uk/
Apex Battery, (US) 1-800-921-4349 or http://apexbattery.com/
Bat Man UK, (UK) +44-182343-2000, 0-800-731-8581 or http://www.batmanuk.com/
Batteries Galore, (US) 1-800-966-0315 or http://www.batteriesgalore.com/
Batteries4Everything.com, (US) 1-800-321-0714 or https://www.batteries4everything.com/
BATTERIESareUS, (US) +1-402-224-4444 or http://www.BATTERIESareUS.com
Batteries.com, (US) 1-1-888-288-6500 or http://www.batteries.com
Battery Alliance, (US) +1-091-843-7479 or http://www.batteryalliance.com/
Battery Mart.com, (US) 1-800-405-2121 or http://www.batterymart.com/
Battery Defender
BatteryMart.net
BatteryWizard.com
Batteries Plus, (US) 1-800-MR-START or http://www.batteriesplus.com/
BatteryManitenance.com, please see Battery Stuff.com
Battery Solutions, (US) 1-866-61POWER or http://www.batterysolutionsinc.com/
BatteryStuff.com, (US) +1-541-582-4521, 1-800-362-5397 or http://www.batterystuff.com/
4Unique.com
BatteryMaintenance.com
Battery-Web.com, (US) +1-954-746-8868, 1-877-746-2288 or http://www.exidebatteries.com/
Best Converter, (US) 1-888-828-1893 or http://www.bestconverter.com
Bohannon Battery, (US) +1-386-328-9024 or http://www.BohannonBattery.com
Car-Go Battery, (US) +1-303-296-8763, 1-800-727-4100 or http://www.car-gobattery.com/
DC Battery Specialists, (US) +1-305-758-5041, http://www.dcbattery.com/ or http://www.marinebatteries.com/
Discount Motorcycle Batteries, (US) 1-800-654-0565
Dixon Batteries, (Canada) 1-888-896-1717 or http://www.batteriesdixon.com/
Don Rowe.com, (US) +1-541-847-5782, 1-800-367-3019 or http://www.donrowe.com/
eBatteriesToGo, (US) +1-866-330-5414 or http://www.ebatteriestogo.com/
ElectricRider.com, (US) +1-785-749-0949, 1-866-807-4337 or http://www.electricrider.com/
ETA Engineering, (US) +1-480-966-1380, 1-877-964-4188 or http://www.etaengineering.com/
Giant Battery Company, (US) +1-646-703-2843 or http://giantbatteryco.com/
Harris Battery, (US) +1-330-874-0205, 1-800-367-7670 or http://www.harrisbattery.com/
Lawn Mowers and Garden Tractors.com, (Spain) http://www.lawn-mowers-and-garden-tractors.com/
Military Battery Systems, (US) +1-970-586-0660 , 1-866-807-4337 or http://www.milbatteries.com/
Motorcycle Batteries USA, (US) 1-866-654-0962 or http://www.motorcyclebatteriesusa.com/
Mpower Solutions Ltd., (UK) + 44-1382-400040 or http://www.mpoweruk.com/
Pacific Power Batteries, (US) 1-800-326-7406 or http://www.pacificpowerbatteries.com/
Polar Battery Vancouver, (Canada) +1-604-294-1891, 1-800-363-3550 or http://www.polarbattery.com/
Power Quality Inc. [UPS, Wheelchair and Alarm SLA], (US) 1-800-877-7844 or http://www.powerqualityinc.com/
Radio Shack [SLA], (US) 1-800-843-7422, contact local store or http://www.radioshack.com/
ReplaceMyBattery.com, (US) http://replacemybattery.com/
Service Battery Corp, (US) +1-630-595-4244 or http://www.batteryservice.com/
Smith Auto Electric, (US) +1-509-453-8275 or http://www.smithae.com/
Tayna Electric Supplies, (UK) +44-1492-512085 or http://www.tayna.co.uk/
West Marine, (US) 1-800-538-0775 or http://www.westmarine.com/
WestCo Battery Systems, (US) +1-714-937-1033, 1-800-372-9253 or http://www.westcobattery.com/
Wrangler NW Power Products, (US) 1-800-962-2616 or http://www.wranglernw.com/
www.4lots.com, (US) +1-504-305-3385, 1-866-818-1699 or http://www.4lots.com
Yacht Outfitting, (US) +1-619-223-3640 or http://www.yachtoutfitting.com/
YachtIQ.com, (US) +1-813-748-9093, 1-866-922-4847 or http://www.yachtiq.com/
Business Directories:
Alternative-fuel Vehicles, http://www.engineinfo.net/af/avd.html
Applegate (Lead-acid), (UK) http://applegate.co.uk/elec/pselect/ps_258.htm
Applegate (Maintenance Free Lead-acid), (UK) http://applegate.co.uk/elec/pselect/ps_598.htm
Applegate (Valve Regulated Lead-acid), (UK) http://applegate.co.uk/elec/pselect/ps_22766.htm
Auto Batteries (Business Directory), http://energy.sourceguides.com/businesses/byP/batP/batt/btora/bApp/autobatt/byB/mfg/byN/byName.shtml
Batteries (Business Directory), http://www.batterydirectory.com/
Batteries (Business Directory), http://dmoz.org/Science/Technology/Energy/Storage/Batteries/
Batteries (Business Directory), http://directory.google.com/Top/Business/Electronics_and_Electrical/Batteries/Lead-Acid/
Batteries (Business Directory), http://dir.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Business_to_Business/Industrial_Supplies/Batteries
Batteries (Business Directory), http://dmoz.org/Science/Technology/Energy/Storage/Batteries
Batteries (Business Directory), http://energy.sourceguides.com/businesses/byP/batP/batt/batt.shtml
Charge Controllers (Business Directory), http://energy.sourceguides.com/businesses/byGeo/US/byP/solctl/byB/mfg/mfg.shtml
Chargers (Business Directory), http://energy.sourceguides.com/businesses/byP/batP/batC/byN/byName.shtml
Chargers (Business Directory), http://dmoz.org/Business/Electronics_and_Electrical/Batteries/Chargers/
Chargers (Business Directory), http://energy.sourceguides.com/businesses/byP/batP/batC/byN/byName.shtml
Chargers (Business Directory), (US) http://electronic-components.globalspec.com/LearnMore/Electrical_Electronic_Components/Batteries/Battery_Chargers
Chargers (Business Directory), http://directory.google.com/Top/Business/Electronics_and_Electrical/Batteries/Chargers/
Darnell, http://www.darnell.com
Energy, http://www.energy.ca.gov/links/afv.html
Inverters (Business Directory) http://energy.sourceguides.com/businesses/byP/invert/byB/mfg/byN/byName.shtml
Generators (Business Directory), http://dmoz.org/Business/Industrial_Goods_and_Services/Industrial_Supply/Generators/
Generators (Business Directory), http://directory.google.com/Top/Business/Industrial_Goods_and_Services/Industrial_Supply/Generators/
Malaysia Batteries (Business Directory), http://my.business.com/directory/electronics_and_semiconductors/electronic_components/equipment_and_supplies/
PowerPulse.Net, Manufacturer' Directory, http://www.powerpulse.net/powerpulse/resources/mfgrs.stm
Thomas Register, Batteries & Battery Manufacturers (Business Directory), http://www.thomasregisterdirectory.com/batteries/index.html
Thomas Register, Power Supply, Charger and Inverter Manufacturers (Business Directory), http://www.powersupplies-ez.com/powersupplies/0044673_all_1.html
Frequently Asked Questions, (FAQs):
Absolute Battery FAQ, http://www.absolutebattery.com/help.htm
Auto Batteries Battery FAQ [Johnson Controls Inc.], http://www.autobatteries.com/faq/index.asp
Balmer Alternator FAQ, http://www.balmar.net/Page46-faq.html
Battery Directory FAQ, http://www.batterydirectory.com/faq.php3
Battery Mart Battery FAQ, http://www.batterymart.com/battery_faq.php
Battery Wholesale Battery FAQ, http://www.batterywholesale.com/batfaq.html
Bioanalytical Systems [BAS], EC [Electrochemistry] FAQs, http://www.epsilon-web.net/Ec/faq/
Continental Battery FAQ, http://www.continentalbattery.com/service/faq.html
Darden, William, Car and Deep Cycle Battery FAQ, http://www.batteryfaq.org
DC Battery Specialists Battery FAQ, http://www.dcbattery.com/faq.html
Dektron Ltd. Battery Chargers FAQ, http://www.dek.tzo.com/chgr_faq.htm
Dueitt's Battery Plus FAQ, http://www.tatmar.net/dueittsbattery/automotive.html
The Electrochemistry FAQ, http://electrochem.cwru.edu/estir/ or ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/sci.answers/sci/electrochemistry-faq/
Exide Battery FAQ, http://www.exideworld.com/faq/faq_auto.html
Harris Battery FAQ, http://www.harrisbattery.com/batteryinfo/faqs.aspx
Ibex Battery FAQ, http://www.ibexmfg.com/appnotes/appmain.htm
Interstate Battery FAQ, http://www.ibsa.com/www_2001/content/faqs/tech_talk/maintenance/faq_tech_maint.htm
Inverters (DC to AC) FAQ, http://www.dcacpowerinverters.com/faq.htm
Johnson Controls Battery FAQ, http://www.jci.com/bg/PressRoom/pr_faqs.htm
Kennedy, Peter, Marine Electrical Systems FAQ, http://www.pkys.com/FAQ.htm
Motorcycle Batteries USA Battery FAQ, http://www.motorcyclebatteriesusa.com/pages/why.asp
Northern Arizona Wind & Sun Battery FAQ, http://www.wind-sun.com/Batteries/Battery_FAQ.htm
Odyssey Battery FAQ, http://www.odysseyfactory.com/odyfaq.htm
Optima Battery FAQ, http://www.optimabatteries.com/publish/optima/americas0/en/config/product_info/technology/faq.html
Power Inverter FAQ, http://www.donrowe.com/inverters/inverter_faq.html
Powerstream Battery FAQ, http://www.powerstream.com/BatteryFAQ.html
sci.chem.electrochem FAQ, http://electrochem.cwru.edu/estir/
Starter FAQ, http://www.team.net/sol/tech/starter.html
ThermOil Battery FAQ, http://www.thermoilbatteries.com/faq.htm
Trojan Battery FAQ, http://www.trojan-battery.com/Tech-Support/FAQ.aspx
Ultimate Deep Cycle Battery FAQ, http://www.wind-sun.com/Batteries/Battery_FAQ.htm
Varta Battery FAQ, http://www.varta-automotive.com/eng/index2.php?p=4&s=1&content=knowhow/100_fragen/100quest.html
Glossaries and Dictionaries:
http://www.autobatteries.com/basics/definitions.asp
http://www.cdtechno.com/cd/library/glossary/search.htm
http://www.ecozen.com/batdict1.htm
Electrochemisty Encyclopedia, http://electrochem.cwru.edu/ed/encycl/
Harris Battery Glossary, http://www.harrisbattery.com/batteryinfo/glossary.aspx
http://www.high-techproductions.com/glossary1.htm
IEC 60050-482 (2004-04), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - (Part 482: Primary and secondary cells and batteries), http://www.iec.ch
http://www.mpoweruk.com/glossary.htm
http://www.powerstream.com/glossary.html
http://www.windsun.com/Batteries/battery_Glos.htm
History:
http://www.bbma.co.uk/introbatterymain.htm
http://www.buchmann.ca/Article3-Page1.asp
http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/Biographies/PlantelBio.htm
http://www.europulse.com/battery_history/battery_history.htm
http://www.geocities.com/bioelectrochemistry/plante.htm
http://www.monstercable.com/MonsterWired/October01/Article_PowerCells_History.htm
http://www.mpoweruk.com/history.htm
Hyperlink Lists:
BaSyTek Link Page, http://www.basytec.de/links_e.html
Boat Batteries and Generator Sets, http://www.boatowners.com/electrical.htm
Darden, William, Battery Manufacturers And Brand Names List, http://www.batteryfaq.org/batbrand.htm
Darden, William, Battery Information Links List, http://www.batteryfaq.org/batlinks.htm
Darden, William, Battery Information References Link List, http://www.batteryfaq.org/batlinks2.htm
Darnell.Com, http://www.darnell.com
Electric Vehicle Battery Information, http://www.madkatz.com/ev/battery.html
Electric Vehicles, http://www.geocities.com/MotorCity/Downs/4214/links.html
Just-Battery-Links, http://www.just-battery-links.com/
Renewable Energy Links, http://www.otherpower.com/otherpower_links.html
Tinseth, Phred, "Sources", http://www.phrannie.org/sources.html
Libraries:
Electrochemical Science and Technology Information Resource [ESTIR], http://electrochem.cwru.edu/estir
Magazines and Articles:
[Note: Some magazines require a fee to read their article.]
"Auto Batteries", Consumer Reports, October, 1991, http://www.consumerreports.org/
"Auto Batteries: Some Go The Distance", Consumer Reports, November, 2005, http://www.consumerreports.org/
Backwoods Home Magazine, http://www.backwoodshome.com/
"Batteries", Consumer Reports, February, 1987, http://www.consumerreports.org/
"Batteries", Consumer Reports, October, 2000, http://www.consumerreports.org/
Battery Digest, http://www.batteriesdigest.com/
Batteries International, (UK) http://www.batteriesinternational.com/
Battery Power Products and Technology, http://www.batterypoweronline.com/
"Best Bet in Auto Batteries", Consumer Reports, October, 1995, http://www.consumerreports.org/
"Car Batteries Power vs. promises", Consumer Reports, November, 2003, http://www.consumerreports.org/
"Car Batteries, Some claims fall short", Consumer Reports, November, 2004, http://www.consumerreports.org/
"Car batteries that last", Consumer Reports, October, 2002, http://www.consumerreports.org/
Darden, William, "Absorbed Glass Mat Batteries", Bilge Talk, February, 2004, http://http://www.volvopenta.com/us
Darden, William, "Battery Safety", RV Gazette, Jan-Feb, 2006, http://www.explorer-rvclub.com/
Darden, William, "Connecting The Power", RV Gazette, October, 2002, http://www.explorer-rvclub.com/
Darden, William, "Equalizing Equation", RV Gazette, September, 2002, http://www.explorer-rvclub.com/
Darden, William, "How to Winterize Car and Deep Cycle Batteries", RV Gazette, Nov-Dec, 2004, http://www.explorer-rvclub.com/
Darden, William, "Selling Quality", Boat & Motor Dealer, January-February, 2004, http://www.boatmotordealer.com/
Darden, William, "Truth or Consequences", RV Gazette, July-August, 2002, http://www.explorer-rvclub.com/
Darden, William, "What you don't know about batteries could hurt you, or worse", Boat & Motor Dealer, January-February, 2003, http://www.boatmotordealer.com/
Dell, Ron, "Batteries Today", chembytes e-zine, http://www.chemsoc.org/chembytes/ezine/2000/toolkit_mar00.htm
Donaldson, Joel, "Battery Basics", Trailer Life, May, 1994
Electrifying Times, http://www.electrifyingtimes.com/
EuroTest 2002: Results for Car Batteries Motorwelt, ADAC (Germany), November 2002, http://www.adac.de/
EV World, http://www.evworld.com/
"First Aid for an Auto Battery", Consumer Reports, November, 1995, http://www.consumerreports.org/
Galligher, William J., "First, Why Is It Called [Automotive] 'Electronics'", http://www.moparstyle.com/technical/electralintro.htm
Hawkins, Tim, "Batteries: Playing Pinball with Atoms", Nuts &; Volts Magazine, November, 1995, http://www.nutsvolts.com/
Home Energy Magazine, http://www.homeenergy.org/
Home Power Magazine, http://www.homepower.com/
Landiss, Dan "Car Batteries Are Not 12 Volts", http://www.landiss.com/battery.htm
Lucius, Jeff, "Dyna-Batt and Other Sealed Lead Acid Batteries" [As Car Batteries], http://www.stealth316.com/2-dynabatt.htm
Mazda Miata Battery, http://www.miata.net/garage/battery.html
Mpower Solutions Ltd., "Why Batteries Fail", http://www.mpoweruk.com/failure_modes.htm
Nelsen, Robert, "The Basic Chemistry of Gas Recombination in Lead-Acid Batteries", JOM, http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/0101/Nelson-0101.html
Oltman, Stu, "Understanding Motorcycle Batteries", Wing World Magazine, http://www.yuasabatteries.com/motor_battery.asp
Power Quality, http://www.powerquality.com/
Solar Today, http://www.solartoday.org/
"Solving Chronic [Marine] Battery Problems", http://marinesurvey.com/yacht/batteries.htm
The Battery Man, IBMA, http://www.thebatteryman.com/
"What To Buy When Your Battery Dies", Consumer Reports, October, 1998, http://www.consumerreports.org/
Manuals:
Battery Technical Manual, Battery Council International, http://www.batterycouncil.org/,Chicago, 1998.
First National Battery Training Manual, First National Battery, http://www.battery.co.za/download/dl/AutoTrainMan.pdf
Hawker Standby Batteries Technical Manual, http://www.hawker-batteries.com/product/content/pdf/product65.pdf
USABC EV Battery Test Procedures, http://www.uscar.org/
USEnet Newsgoups:
USEnet Newsgroups maybe accessed from your browser by using:
http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&group=xxxx.xxxx
where xxxx.xxxx is the name of the the Newsgroup. The astrick denotes a wildcard and that there are several newsgroups beginning with the same name. For example, rec.autos.tech, rec.autos.driving, rec.autos.toyota, rec.autos.bmw, etc.
alt.autos.*
alt.cars.*
alt.energy.homepower
alt.energy.renewable
alt.motorcycles.*
alt.solar.photovoltaic
aus.cars.*
aus.sport.*
misc.consumers.*
misc.handicap
rec.audio.car
rec.autos.*
rec.autos.makers.*
rec.autos.tech
rec.boats.*
rec.motorcycles.*
rec.outdoors.*
rec.outdoors.rv-travel
rec.radio.*
rec.sport.*
sci.chem.electrochem
sci.chem.electrochem.battery
sci.electronics.*
uk.d-i-y
uk.rec.*
uk.rec.cars.*
uk.rec.cars.maintenance
Primers and Handbooks:
Ample Power, http://www.amplepower.com/primer/index.html
Battery Training Guide, Exide Corporation, Reading,PA.
Department of Energy, Primer on Lead-Acid Storage Batteries,, 1995, http://tis.eh.doe.gov/techstds/standard/hdbk1084/hdbk1084.pdf or http://www.tpub.com/content/doe/hdbk1084/index.htm
Guide Document for the Selection and Procurement of Lead-Acid Storage Batteries, Revision 2, July 1, 1993, University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Lead-Acid Batteries, Best Manufacturing Practices, NAVSO P-3676, http://www.bmpcoe.org/library/books/navso%20p-3676/index.html
SAND80-7022, Handbook for Battery Energy Storage in Photovoltaic Power Systems Final Report, November 1979, Bechtel National Inc., San Francisco, California.
SAND81-7135, August 1981, Handbook of Secondary Storage Batteries and Charge Regulators in Photovoltaic Systems Final Report, Exide Management and Technology Company, Yardley, Pennsylvania.
Scheidler, Ralph E., Introduction to Batteries and Charging Systems, http://www.surepower.com/pdf/ebr_int.pdf
Sullivan, Kevin R., 12-volt Lead Acid BATTERY BASICS, http://www.autoshop101.com/trainmodules/batteries/101.html
Sullivan, Kevin R., BATTERY SERVICE, http://www.autoshop101.com/trainmodules/batservice/101.html
Safety:
ANSI/IEEE Std 450-2002, IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Vented Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications, http://www.ieee.org/.
ANSI/IEEE Std 484-1987, IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation Design and Installation of Large Lead Storage Batteries for Generating Stations and Substations, http://www.ieee.org/.
ANSI/IEEE Std 1188-1996, IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve Regulated Lead-Acid, (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications, http://www.ieee.org/.
CCB Industrial Battery Co., Battery Safety, http://www.battery-oem.com/tech/battery-safety.htm
Darden, William, "Battery Safety", RV Gazette, Jan-Feb, 2006, http://www.explorer-rvclub.com/
DOE-STD-3003-94, Backup Power Sources for DOE Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy, http://www.doe.gov/
IEC 60086-5 (2001-01), Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte, http://www.iec.ch
IEC 60335-2-29 (1994), Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - (Part 2-29: Particular requirements for battery chargers), hhttp://www.iec.ch
IEC/TR 61430 (1997-10), Secondary cells and batteries - Test methods for checking the performance of devices designed for reducing explosion hazards - Lead-acid starter batteries, http://www.iec.ch
MPower Solutions Ltd., Battery Safety, (UK) http://www.mpoweruk.com/safety.htm
NFPA 70, 1993, National Electrical Code, Sections 503 and 505, http://www.nfpa.org/.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standards for Personal Protective Equipment, 29 CFR 1910.132
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standards for Hazardous Locations, 29 CFR 1910.307
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standards for Medical Services and First Aid, 29 CFR 1910.151
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standards for Powered Industrial Trucks (Forklits), 29 CFR 1910.178
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standards for Overhead and Gantry Cranes, 29 CFR 1910.179
Vaughan, Ray, Battery Safety, (China) http://www.rayvaughan.com/battery_safety.htm.
Standards:
ANSI/IEEE Std 450-2002, IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Vented Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications, http://www.ieee.org/
ANSI/IEEE Std 484-1987, IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation Design and Installation of Large Lead Storage Batteries for Generating Stations and Substations, http://www.ieee.org/
ANSI/IEEE Std 485-1983, IEEE Recommended Practice for Sizing Large Lead Storage Batteries for Generating Stations and Substations, http://www.ieee.org/
ANSI/IEEE Std 535-1986, IEEE Standard for Qualification of Class IE Lead Storage Batteries for Nuclear Power Generating Substations, http://www.ieee.org/
ANSI/IEEE Std 944-1986, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Application and Testing of Uninterruptible Power Supplies for Generating Stations, http://www.ieee.org/
ANSI/IEEE Std 1106-1995, IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Nickel-Cadmium Batteries for Stationary Applications, http://www.ieee.org/.
ANSI/IEEE Std 1115-1992, IEEE Recommended Practice for Sizing Nickel-Cadmium Batteries for Stationary Applications, http://www.ieee.org/
ANSI/IEEE Std 1184-1994, IEEE Recommended Guide for Selection and Sizing Batteries for Uninterruptable Power Supply, (UPS), http://www.ieee.org/
ANSI/IEEE Std 1188-1996, IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve Regulated Lead-Acid, (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications, http://www.ieee.org/
ANSI/IEEE Std 1189-1996, IEEE Recommended Guide for Selection of Valve Regulated Lead-Acid, (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications, http://www.ieee.org/
DOE-STD-3003-94, Backup Power Sources for DOE Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy, http://www.doe.gov/
IEC 60050-482 (2004-04), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - (Part 482: Primary and secondary cells and batteries), http://www.iec.ch
IEC 60086-5 (2001-01), Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte, http://www.iec.ch
IEC 60092-305 (2000-01), Electrical installations in ships - (Part 305: Equipment - Accumulator [storage] batteries), http://www.iec.ch
IEC 60095-1 (2000-12), Lead-acid starter batteries (Part 1: General requirements and methods of test), http://www.iec.ch
IEC 60095-2 (1993-06), Lead-acid starter batteries (Part 2: Dimensions of batteries and dimensions and marking of terminals), http://www.iec.ch
IEC 60095-4 (1996-02), Lead-acid starter batteries (Part 4: Dimensions of batteries for heavy trucks), http://www.iec.ch
IEC 60130-3 (1965-01), Connectors for frequencies below 3 MHz (Part 3: Battery connectors), hhttp://www.iec.ch
IEC 60130-17 (1998-02), Connectors for frequencies below 3 MHz (Part 17: Detailspecification for interconnection devices which permit multi-directional mating, for use with rechargeable batteries), hhttp://www.iec.ch
IEC 60254-1 (2005-04), Lead-acid traction batteries (Part 1: Dimensions of batteries and dimensions and marking of terminals), hhttp://www.iec.ch
IEC 60254-2 (2000-11), Lead-acid traction batteries (Part 2: Dimensions of batteries and dimensions and marking of terminals), hhttp://www.iec.ch
IEC 60335-2-29 (2004-12), Battery chargers (Part 2-29: Particular requirements for battery chargers), hhttp://www.iec.ch
IEC 60896-11 (2002-12), Stationary lead-acid batteries (Part 11: Vented types - General requirements and methods of test), http://www.iec.ch
IEC 60896-12 (2004-02), Stationary lead-acid batteries (Part 12: Vented types - Electrolyte and topping up), http://www.iec.ch
IEC 60896-21 (2004-02), Stationary lead-acid batteries (Part 21: Valve regulated types - Methods of test), http://www.iec.ch
IEC 60896-22 (2004-02), Stationary lead-acid batteries (Part 22: Valve regulated types - Requirements), http://www.iec.ch
IEC 60952-1 (2004-09), Aircraft batteries (Part 1: General test requirements and performance levels), http://www.iec.ch
IEC 60952-2 (2004-09), Aircraft batteries (Part 2: Design and construction requirements), http://www.iec.ch
IEC 60952-3 (2004-09), Aircraft batteries (Part 3: Product specification and declaration of design and performance [DDP]), http://www.iec.ch
IEC 60993 (2004-10), Electrolytes and water for use in secondary cells and batteries, http://www.iec.ch
IEC/TR 61044 (2002-12), Opportunity-charging of lead-acid traction batteries, http://www.iec.ch
IEC 61056-1 (2002-10), General purpose lead-acid batteries [valve-regulated types] (Part 1: General requirements, functional characteristics - Methods of test), http://www.iec.ch
IEC 61056-2 (2002-10), General purpose lead-acid batteries [valve-regulated types] (Part 2: Dimensions, terminals and marking), http://www.iec.ch
IEC/TR 61056-3 (1991-08), Portable lead-acid cells and batteries [Valve-regulated types] (Part 3: Safety recommendations for use in electric appliances), http://www.iec.ch
IEC 61427 (2005-05), Secondary cells and batteries for photovoltonic energy systems (PVES) - General requirements and methods of test, http://www.iec.ch
IEC 61429 (1995-12), Marking of secondary cells and batteries with the international recycling symbol ISO 7000-1135, http://www.iec.ch
IEC/TR 61430 (1997-10), Secondary cells and batteries - Test methods for checking the performance of devices designed for reducing explosion hazards - Lead-acid starter batteries, http://www.iec.ch
IEC/TR 61431 (1995-08), Guide for the use of monitor systems for lead-acid traction batteries, http://www.iec.ch
IEC 61982-1 (2000-05), Secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - (Part 1: Test parameters), http://www.iec.ch
IEC 61982-2 (2002-08), Secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles (Part 2: Dynamic discharge performance test and dynamic endurance test), http://www.iec.ch
IEC 61982-3 (2002-08), Secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles (Part 3: Performance and life testing [traffic compatible, urban use vehicles]), http://www.iec.ch
IEC/TR 62060 (2001-09), Secondary cells and batteries - Monitoring of lead acid stationary batteries - User guide, http://www.iec.ch
IEC 62393 (2004-06), State-of-charge measurements of battery, http://www.iec.ch
J180: Electrical Charging Systems for Off Highway Work Machines, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J240: Life Test for Automotive Storage Batteries, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J277: Maintenance of Design Voltage-Snowmobile Electrical Systems, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J378: Marine Engine Wiring, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J392: Motorcycle and Motor Driven Cycle Electrical System Maintenance of Design Voltage, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J537: Storage Batteries, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J538: Grounding of Storage Batteries, (Cancelled Nov 1998) Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J541: Voltage Drop for Starting Motor Circuits, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J930: Storage Batteries for Off-Road Work Machines, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J1127: Battery Cable, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J1239: Four-, Five-, and Eight-Conductor Electrical Connectors for Automotive Type Trailers, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J1292: Automobile, Truck, Truck-Tractor, Trailer, and Motor Coach Wiring, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J1320: Marine Electrical Switches, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J1416: Generator Terminal Labeling, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J1494: Battery Booster Cables, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J1495: Test Procedure for Battery Flame Retardant Venting Systems, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J1718: Measurement of Hydrogen Gas Emission From Battery-Powered Passenger Cars and Light Trucks During Battery Charging, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J1811: Power Cable Terminals, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J1908: Electrical Grounding Practice, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J2120: Personal Watercraft--Electrical Systems, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J2185: Life Test for Heavy-Duty Storage Batteries, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J2185: Life Test for Heavy-Duty Storage Batteries, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J2191: Recommended Practice for Identification of Standardized Truck and Tractor Electrical Circuits, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J2202: Heavy-Duty Wiring Systems for On-Highway Trucks, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J2622: Battery Connections for 42 Volt Electrical Systems Tests and General Performance Requirements, Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
JIS C 8701:1975 Lead acid batteries for general service, Japanese Standards Association [JSA], (Japan) http://www.jsa.or.jp/
JIS C 8702-1:2003 Small-sized valve regulated lead-acid batteries -- Part 1: General requirements, functional characteristics -- Methods of test, Japanese Standards Association [JSA], (Japan) http://www.jsa.or.jp/
JIS C 8702-2:2003 Small-sized valve regulated lead-acid batteries -- Part 2: Dimensions, terminals and marking, Japanese Standards Association [JSA], (Japan) http://www.jsa.or.jp/
JIS C 8702-3:2003 Small-sized valve regulated lead-acid batteries -- Part 3: Safety recommendations for use in electric appliances, Japanese Standards Association [JSA], (Japan) http://www.jsa.or.jp/
JIS C 8704-1:1999 Stationary lead-acid batteries -- General requirements and methods of test -- Part 1: Vented types, Japanese Standards Association [JSA], (Japan) http://www.jsa.or.jp/
JIS C 8704-2:1999 Stationary lead-acid batteries -- General requirements and methods of tests -- Part 2: Valve regulated types, Japanese Standards Association [JSA], (Japan) http://www.jsa.or.jp/
JIS C 8972:1997 Testing procedure of long discharge rate lead-acid batteries for photovoltaic systems, Japanese Standards Association [JSA], (Japan) http://www.jsa.or.jp/.
JIS D 5301:1999 Lead-acid starter batteries, Japanese Standards Association [JSA], (Japan) http://www.jsa.or.jp/
JIS D 5302:1997 Lead-acid batteries for motorcycle, Japanese Standards Association [JSA], (Japan) http://www.jsa.or.jp/
JIS D 5303-1:1997 Lead-acid traction batteries Part 1: General requirements and methods of test, Japanese Standards Association [JSA], (Japan) http://www.jsa.or.jp/
JIS D 5303-2:1997 Lead-acid traction batteries Part 2: Dimensions of cells and marking of polarity on cells, Japanese Standards Association [JSA], (Japan) http://www.jsa.or.jp/
JIS F 8101:2003 Lead-acid marine batteries, Japanese Standards Association [JSA], (Japan) http://www.jsa.or.jp/
Mpower's List of International Standards and Testing Applicable to Batteries, (UK) http://www.mpoweruk.com/standards.htm
NFPA 70, 1993, National Electrical Code, http://www.nfpa.org/.
NFPA 110, 1988, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, http://www.nfpa.org/
NFPA 111, 1989, Standard on Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems, http://www.nfpa.org/
Tutorials:
Battery and Starter Repair, http://www.autosite.com/garage/encyclop/tocdoc10.asp
Battery Tutorial, http://www.batterystuff.com/tutorial_battery.html
How Stuff Works, http://www.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm
Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing, http://www.geocities.com/lead_acid_battery/
Tinseth, Phred, "Batteries--and Other Electrical Stuff [for RVs]," http://www.phrannie.org/battery.html
I recommend that you hyperlink to http://www.batteryfaq.org/ rather than republishing this document because this information will be revised periodically to keep up with the advancements in batteries and the changing resources. Revisions will be indicated with a newer date or version number. These documents are in the public domain and can be freely reproduced or distributed without permission. Attribution is always appreciated, but not required.